Tools All data files in this archive are provided in netCDF format. For your convenience, read files in C, with an accompanying Makefile (see below), are included. There are also many software packages freely available or licensed with utilities to access the data in netCDF-formatted files. You can find a comprehensive list of these software packages at http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/software.html read_CTD.c read_M.c read_Msplined.c read_Plevpres.c read_Ppres.c read_Ptemp.c read_Pvatt500.c read_Pvatt.c Makefile Movie File Descriptions Two movies show the upper and lower circulation in the Ullueng Basin as measured by the inverted echo sounders, pressure gauges, and deep current meters. The movies show the circulation for a two year period from June 1999 to June 2001 at daily intervals. Access movie files under the DATA menu button. JESTemperature.avi — The travel time measurements were calibrated to temperature at 100 dbar using the look up table described in Park et al. [Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 22, 1282-1293, 2005]. The upper circulation is dominated by several quasi-stable patterns which are discussed in Mitchell et al. [Deep-Sea Research II, 52, 1617-1638, 2005]. JESBottomPressure.avi — The bottom pressures were leveled to the same absolute geopotential using the deep mean measured currents. Teague et al. [Deep-Sea Research II, 52, 1802-1826, 2005] discuss the leveling and mapping procedures used for the deep fields. The movie shows the deep pressure anomaly; because vertical shear is negligible at depth in this region, this movie illustrates the circulation patterns below 1000 m. Data File Descriptions The data directory contains Inverted Echo Sounder (IES) measurements collected in the Japan/East Sea (JES) under the sponsorship of the Office of Naval Research. The measurements were taken between June 1999 and July 2001. Data are from 24 instruments moored about 0.3 m off the ocean bottom. The term PIES is used interchangeably with IESs for instruments which are equipped with pressure gauges. The measured quantities include temperature, pressure and vertical acoustic round-trip travel time between the IES and the ocean surface. CONTENTS OF HOURLY Files There are three files for each instrument, where Pxx is the site designator: Pxxpres.cdf -- pressure in decibars Pxxvatt.cdf -- vertical acoustic travel time in seconds Pxxtemp.cdf -- temperature in degress C These are the highest quality versions of the data after the least amount of processing. Large data spikes (outliers), jumps (offsets due to instruments being jostled by fishermen), and long term drifts have been removed from these records. Details of the processing are provided in the data report. Each file contains year, month, day, hour, and either pressure, travel time, or temperature. The files can be read with read_Ppres.c, read_Pvatt.c or read_Ptemp.c, respectively. CONTENTS OF LOW-PASSED Files There are two files for each instrument, where Pxx is the site designator: Pxxlevpres.dat -- leveled, demeaned pressure in decibars Pxxvatt500.dat -- round trip travel time from 0 to 500 dbar in seconds The above pressure and travel time records were low-passed filtered using a 4th order Butterworth filter using a 120-hour cutoff period. Further details are provided in the data report. These pressures have been leveled to a common geopotential using mean currents measured by current meter moorings. Leveling constants added to each demeaned record are tabulated in the data report. The travel times have been referenced to a common pressure level. A reference level of 500 dbar was chosen, the maximum depth of the majority of CTDs taken in the Japan/East Sea. These values are equivalent to the integral of sound speed between the surface and 500 dbar times two (ie., round-trip). See the data report for further details. Each file contains year, month, day, hour, and either pressure, or travel time. These files can be read with read_Plevpres.c or read_Pvatt500.c, respectively. The directory also contains current meter measurements collected in the Japan/East Sea (JES) under the sponsorship of the Office of Naval Research. The measurements were taken between June 1999 and July 2001. Data are from 11 instruments moored about 23 m off the ocean bottom. The measured quantities include velocity and temperature. Velocity components u is positive to the east and v is positive to the north. CONTENTS OF M*.cdf Files These are the highest quality versions of the data after the least amount of processing. Large data spikes (outliers) have been removed from these records and the time base established. Bad data or stalls are indicated by values of -999.00. Details of the processing are provided in the data report. There is a file called Mxx.dat for each instrument, where Mxx is the site designator. Each file contains year, month, day, hour, as well as u-component (positive E) in cm/s, v-component (positive N) in cm/s, and temperature in degrees C. These files can be read with read_M.c. CONTENTS OF M*splined.cdf Files Splines were fitted to the u and v velocity components individually. Only data gaps of 5 hours or less were replaced by the spline values. Data were replaced with 0.0 in the larger gaps. All replaced data are flagged by a value of one. Further details are provided in the data report. There is a file called Mxx.dat for each instrument, where Mxx is the site designator. Each file contains year, month, day, hour, as well as u-component (positive E) in cm/s, v-component (positive N) in cm/s, temperature in degrees C, and a quality flag. These files can be read with read_Msplined.c. The directory also contains CTD data files. The data files contain pressure, temperature and salinity profile data. These files can be read with read_CTD.c.